The short version of REV-ERB agonist fits in a sentence. The long version — which is the one that helps — is below.
This page was last updated on 2025-07-28 and is reviewed periodically as new material appears.
Research interest in SR9009 grew from studies showing improved running endurance in mice after short treatment periods. Those experiments linked the compound to increased mitochondrial content and fatty acid oxidation in muscle, but the findings come from animal models and specific dosing schedules. Independent replication has been limited, and the pathways connecting REV-ERB activation to exercise performance are still being mapped. Whether similar responses occur in humans is an open question.
SR9009 is often grouped with compounds studied for circadian and metabolic regulation rather than with classical anabolic steroids. Its interactions with nuclear receptors differ from those of androgen receptor ligands, and its proposed mechanisms involve transcriptional control rather than direct hormone signaling. Some sources classify it as a metabolic modulator because of observed effects on energy utilization. The distinction matters for regulation and for interpreting research results across different compound classes.
Quality control for research materials includes identity confirmation by nuclear magnetic resonance and purity assessment by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mass spectrometry provides molecular weight confirmation and can detect related impurities. Purchasers should request a certificate of analysis that lists lot-specific data. Online products advertised for human use often lack such documentation. Distinguishing legitimate research material from mislabeled or contaminated samples is a recurring challenge in independent testing, and independent laboratories may use orthogonal methods to verify identity.
Detection of SR9009 in biological samples usually relies on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. This approach separates the compound from matrix components and identifies it by mass transitions. Because SR9009 can undergo metabolism, laboratories often look for both parent drug and specific metabolites. Sample preparation may involve protein precipitation or solid-phase extraction. Method validation examines sensitivity, carryover, and interference from related substances, and reference standards are required for accurate calibration.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C20H24ClN3O4S | Reported for the free base |
| Molecular weight | 437.9 g/mol | Calculated from the formula |
| Primary target | REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ | Nuclear receptors involved in circadian regulation |
| Solubility | Soluble in DMSO and ethanol | Poorly soluble in water |
| Typical storage | -20 °C, desiccated | Protect from light and moisture |
Storage conditions for research-grade SR9009 generally involve a freezer at approximately minus twenty degrees Celsius, sometimes lower for long-term preservation. Containers should remain tightly closed and protected from light. Desiccants may be used to limit moisture uptake. Solutions are often stored in aliquots to avoid repeated warming and cooling. Stability data for the compound under various conditions are limited, so laboratories typically follow supplier recommendations and verify performance through periodic analytical checks rather than assuming indefinite stability.
Identity and purity testing for SR9009 commonly uses liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. This method separates the compound from matrix components and detects it by mass-to-charge transitions, providing sensitive and specific confirmation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can support structural identification, while high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection may estimate purity. Because online products labeled as SR9009 may contain other substances or no active compound at all, independent verification is important in research settings. Certificates of analysis are useful but not a substitute for in-house testing.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In laboratory experiments, SR9009 binds these receptors and alters transcription of genes involved in lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. It is not a naturally occurring compound and has no approved therapeutic use. Research interest stems from its ability to modify energy metabolism in cells and animal models.
In rodent studies, SR9009 has been reported to increase mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle and improve exercise endurance under some conditions. These findings led to popular descriptions such as an exercise mimetic, although that term oversimplifies the biology. Effects vary by dose, timing, tissue, and model. The compound's influence on circadian pathways means that time of administration can matter in experiments. Whether similar metabolic changes occur in humans remains largely unexplored in controlled published trials.
Identity and purity of SR9009 samples are usually checked with chromatographic and spectrometric methods. High-performance liquid chromatography can separate the compound from related impurities, while mass spectrometry provides molecular mass confirmation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy may be used for structural verification in research settings. No single method proves biological activity, and certificates of analysis should be reviewed alongside raw data. Independent testing is often needed because online products vary widely.
SR9009 stability depends on temperature, moisture, light, and solvent. Solid material is generally kept cool and dry, while solutions may require protection from repeated warming and cooling. Degradation can appear as color changes, precipitate, or new chromatographic peaks. Researchers should follow supplier instructions and their own stability data. Long-term storage conditions for human use have not been established because the compound lacks approved clinical formulation.
SR9009 is supplied as a solid research chemical, often in milligram quantities. Laboratories typically weigh it in a controlled environment because fine powders can disperse. Stock solutions are commonly prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide and stored in small aliquots to reduce freeze-thaw cycles. Personal protective equipment and chemical fume hoods are standard when handling unknown or potent compounds. These practices address laboratory safety rather than human use.
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Pyrite.Virtual Museum of Mineralogy. Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain Educational article about the famous pyrite crystals from the Navajun Mine How Minerals Form and Change "Pyrite oxidation under room conditions". Poliakoff, Martyn (2009). "Fool's Gold". The Periodic Table of Videos. University of Nottingham.
Nylons can also be synthesized from dinitriles using acid catalysis. For example, this method is applicable for preparation of nylon 1,6 from adiponitrile, formaldehyde and water. Additionally, nylons can be synthesized from diols and dinitriles using this method as well.
Delta sleep-inducing peptide, as the name suggests, induces delta wave EEG activity. Alcohol reduces SWS delta wave activity, thereby restricting the release of growth hormone (GH) by the pituitary. The muramyl peptide, muramyl dipeptide (MDP, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine) has been shown to increase delta wave activity during slow wave sleep. The drug gabapentin, a drug used to control epileptic seizures, increases delta-wave activity and slow wave sleep in adults. While hypnotics like zolpidem increase slow wave sleep, they do not increase delta wave activity, and instead increase spindle activity during slow wave sleep. Gamma-hydroxy butyrate (GHB) increases delta slow-wave sleep as well as sleep-related growth hormone (GH). Administration of high-dose nitrous oxide is associated with transient, large amplitude slow-delta oscillations.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
danofloxacin – 2nd gen, related to ciprofloxacin difloxacin – 2nd/3rd gen, related to temafloxacin enrofloxacin – 2nd gen, metabolizes into ciprofloxacin ibafloxacin – 3rd gen, related to levofloxacin marbofloxacin – 3rd gen, related to levofloxacin orbifloxacin – 3rd gen, related to sparfloxacin sarafloxacin – 2nd/3rd gen, related to difloxacin pradofloxacin – 3rd gen
Enantiopure compounds consist of only one of the two enantiomers. Enantiopurity is of practical importance since such compositions have improved therapeutic efficacy. The switch from a racemic drug to an enantiopure drug is called a chiral switch. In many cases, the enantiomers have distinct effects. One case is that of Propoxyphene. The enantiomeric pair of propoxyphene is separately sold by Eli Lilly and company. One of the partners is dextropropoxyphene, an analgesic agent (Darvon) and the other is called levopropoxyphene, an effective antitussive (Novrad). It is interesting to note that the trade names of the drugs, DARVON and NOVRAD, also reflect the chemical mirror-image relationship. In other cases, there may be no clinical benefit to the patient. In some jurisdictions, single-enantiomer drugs are separately patentable from the racemic mixture. It is possible that only one of the enantiomers is active. Or, it may be that both are active, in which case separating the mixture has no objective benefits, but extends the drug's patentability.
He strengthened the squad by signing Alexis Sánchez from Barcelona in July 2014, who started in the 2014 FA Community Shield that Arsenal won by beating Manchester City 3–0, and during the course of 2014–15, Wenger promoted Francis Coquelin and Héctor Bellerín into the first team. Wenger won his sixth FA Cup in May 2015, which placed him alongside George Ramsay as the most successful manager in the competition's history. Wenger guided the club to an improved third place in the league that season, and the club saw further improvement in the 2015–16 season as they finished as league runners-up, while retaining the FA Community Shield by defeating Chelsea 1–0.
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Sources: en.wikipedia.org
There was low- to moderate-strength evidence of no benefit for most of the other medications used in RCTs, which included antidepressants (bupropion, mirtazapine, sertraline), antipsychotics (aripiprazole), anticonvulsants (topiramate, baclofen, gabapentin), naltrexone, varenicline, citicoline, ondansetron, prometa, riluzole, atomoxetine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil.
=== Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) === Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is considered the gold standard for VOC analysis to identify specific compounds. The chromatography separates the sample mixture in a gaseous state by forcing them through a column using a carrier gas, and the mass spectrometer identifies the compound. The limitation of this method is the requirement of expensive specialized equipment and highly trained personnel. VOC analysis is seen in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, infections, and among others.
=== Pharmacokinetics === In dogs, the absorption of meloxicam from the stomach is not affected by the presence of food, with the peak concentration (Cmax) of meloxicam occurring in the blood 7–8 hours after administration. The half-life of meloxicam is approximately 24 hours in dogs. In the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), very little meloxicam is absorbed into the blood after oral administration (that is, it has poor bioavailability).
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
It is a synthetic REV-ERB agonist used mainly in preclinical research. It is not an approved medicine for human use.
It binds to REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ, nuclear receptors involved in circadian and metabolic gene regulation. This can alter transcription of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism in experimental models.
No controlled human trials have established that effect. Endurance findings come primarily from rodent studies, and human responses remain unknown.
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is a common approach. It can detect the parent compound and its metabolites in biological matrices.